Telogen effluvium is a common form of hair loss that occurs when a large number of hair follicles enter the resting (telogen) phase of the hair growth cycle prematurely. Under normal circumstances, about 85-90% of the hair on a healthy scalp is actively growing, while the remaining 10-15% is in the resting phase. However, in telogen effluvium, a disruption causes many more follicles than usual to stop growing and eventually shed. This leads to noticeable hair thinning, particularly on the top of the scalp. The condition can affect both men and women, but it is more frequently reported among women, especially after significant life changes or health events.
The triggers for telogen effluvium are varied and often linked to physical or emotional stress. Common causes include severe illness, major surgery, childbirth, drastic weight loss, high fever, or psychological stress such as trauma or prolonged anxiety. Nutritional deficiencies—especially of iron, protein, vitamin D, or zinc—can also play a role. Certain medications, including antidepressants, beta-blockers, and birth control pills, have been associated with this condition as well. Importantly, the hair loss typically starts two to three months after the triggering event, which can make it difficult to pinpoint the exact cause without a thorough health history.
Despite the alarming amount of hair shedding—sometimes up to 300 hairs per day—telogen effluvium is usually temporary and reversible. The hair follicles are not permanently damaged, which means the hair can grow back once the underlying cause is addressed. Recovery time varies depending on the individual and the severity of the trigger, but in most cases, normal hair growth resumes within six to nine months. In chronic cases, which last more than six months, the shedding may persist longer and require deeper investigation, including blood tests and scalp evaluations.
Diagnosing telogen effluvium involves ruling out other forms of hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia (pattern baldness) or alopecia areata (an autoimmune condition). Dermatologists typically perform a “hair pull test” and may use a dermatoscope to examine the scalp. Blood tests are often ordered to check for anemia, thyroid function, and nutrient levels. Accurate diagnosis is essential because treatment strategies vary depending on the root cause. For instance, iron supplements may help if iron deficiency is identified, whereas stress management or dietary improvements may be necessary for other patients.
Treatment for telogen effluvium focuses on eliminating the underlying cause and supporting healthy hair regrowth. In most cases, once the trigger is resolved, hair naturally returns to its previous density. Patients are advised to maintain a balanced diet, avoid harsh hair treatments, and reduce stress where possible. Topical minoxidil may be used in some cases to encourage faster regrowth, though it is typically not required. Since the condition is self-limiting in many individuals, reassurance and patient education are key components of effective management.
In conclusion, telogen effluvium is a widespread but reversible form of hair loss that can cause distress due to sudden and visible thinning. Understanding the causes and treatment options is crucial for individuals experiencing this condition. Prompt attention to potential triggers—whether they are nutritional, hormonal, medical, or psychological—can accelerate recovery and prevent recurrence. While the shedding may be unnerving, the prognosis is generally positive, and most people regain their normal hair volume with time and proper care.
