Who Could Be Drafted? A Look at U.S. Military Draft Rules in Case of Global War

Amid rising global tensions, particularly in the Middle East, searches for terms like “WWIII” and “U.S. draft age limit” have spiked, signaling public anxiety about a possible return to military conscription. Although the U.S. hasn’t enforced a draft since 1973, the Selective Service System remains active, with approximately 16.4 million men aged 18–25 currently registered. If reactivated, the draft would prioritize 20-year-olds first, followed by those up to age 25. The law applies not only to U.S. citizens but also to permanent residents, undocumented immigrants, and transgender women assigned male at birth. Registration is legally required at age 18, and failing to do so can lead to severe consequences, including fines, felony charges, and ineligibility for federal aid.

In the event of a draft, Congress and the President must first authorize it. The Selective Service would then have 193 days to implement the process, beginning with a public lottery to determine the order of call-ups. Those selected would undergo medical and psychological evaluations, and deferments or exemptions may apply to students, caregivers, and individuals with disqualifying conditions. Historically, over 40% of those drafted have been found unfit for service. If conscripted, individuals may serve in combat or support roles like logistics, intelligence, or communications. While the military remains all-volunteer, any shift to a draft would provoke considerable political debate and public scrutiny in today’s climate.