Who Could Be Drafted? Inside the U.S. Military Draft Rules in Case of Global War

Following recent tensions in the Middle East, public interest in the U.S. military draft has surged, particularly regarding eligibility and age limits. Although the U.S. has not used conscription since 1973, the legal framework remains intact for reinstatement during national emergencies. Currently, around 16.4 million men aged 18 to 25 are registered with the Selective Service. If a draft were activated, 20-year-olds would be called first, followed by older registrants. The law applies not only to U.S. citizens but also to permanent residents, undocumented immigrants, and transgender women assigned male at birth. Registration is mandatory by age 18, and non-compliance can lead to fines, felony charges, and disqualification from federal benefits, including student aid. Any reactivation of the draft would require approval from both Congress and the President, with a 193-day window to initiate conscription.

The draft system would involve a public lottery to determine call-up order, followed by medical and psychological screenings. Exemptions may be granted for students, individuals with dependents, and those with certain health issues. Historically, over 40% of those drafted were found unfit for military service. If deemed eligible, draftees could serve in either combat or support roles such as logistics or communications. While the U.S. military remains a volunteer force, any move to reinstate the draft would likely provoke intense political debate and public opposition, given the societal changes since the Vietnam era.