A recent study from the University of Virginia School of Medicine has revealed a possible link between maternal gut health and the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. Led by immunologist Dr. John Lukens, the research highlights the role of the immune molecule IL-17a, known for its involvement in inflammatory diseases, in prenatal brain development. Using mice models, the study found that elevated IL-17a levels—triggered by specific gut bacteria—correlated with autism-like behaviors in offspring. When IL-17a was blocked during pregnancy, these behavioral abnormalities were prevented. In a follow-up experiment, fecal transplants from high-IL-17a mice to germ-free mice induced similar behavioral symptoms, underscoring the microbiome’s powerful influence on neurodevelopment.

Although these findings are based on animal models, they add to growing evidence of the gut-brain-immune connection and its impact on fetal development. Dr. Lukens cautioned that while gut bacteria may increase autism risk through immune activation, they are not the sole cause. He emphasized the need for careful balance, as IL-17a also plays a key role in protecting against infections. Researchers now advocate for further human studies to explore the clinical implications, such as using probiotics or dietary changes during pregnancy. While more data is needed before making medical recommendations, the study points to a future where gut health could be a valuable piece of the autism risk puzzle—and a potential target for early intervention.