Dementia develops when brain cells are damaged and unable to communicate, leading to brain shrinkage. Risk factors include genetics, age, lifestyle, brain changes, and health conditions.

Gabapentin, an FDA-approved drug for nerve pain and seizures, is also widely prescribed off-label for conditions like fibromyalgia, sciatica, insomnia, and anxiety. It is considered less addictive than alternatives, but side effects can include dizziness, fatigue, memory problems, and speech issues.

A recent study published in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine explored the link between gabapentin and dementia risk. Researchers analyzed data from more than 26,000 adults in the TriNetX health network, comparing those prescribed gabapentin with those who weren’t.

Findings showed that people with six or more gabapentin prescriptions had a 29% higher risk of dementia and an 85% higher risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Surprisingly, the strongest effect appeared in adults aged 35–49, where dementia risk doubled and MCI risk tripled.

Study author Nafis B. Eghrari noted that while results reveal an association, they do not prove causation. Previous research on gabapentin’s effect on cognition has been mixed, and further investigation is needed to clarify long-term risks.

Experts highlighted several limitations. The study did not account for other health conditions, medication use, or levels of physical activity—factors known to influence dementia risk. It also did not examine treatment duration or dosage, making the findings less conclusive.

Some specialists cautioned that more rigorous studies are required to prove a direct link. Still, they agree physicians should remain alert to possible cognitive side effects, especially with long-term use.

Researchers recommend that doctors regularly perform cognitive exams on patients taking gabapentin and encourage reporting of memory or thinking problems. Future studies aim to determine whether gabapentin directly contributes to neurodegeneration.